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EV Charging Types
There are three levels of EV charging. Understanding the differences helps you choose the right setup for your vehicle and driving habits.
Quick Comparison
| Feature | Level 1 | Level 2 | DC Fast Charging |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power | 1.2-1.4 kW | 3.3-19.2 kW | 50-350 kW |
| Voltage | 120V AC | 240V AC | 200-1000V DC |
| Speed | 3-5 mi/hr | 12-80 mi/hr | 150-1,000+ mi/hr |
| Full Charge | 40-60 hours | 4-10 hours | 20-60 min to 80% |
| Connector | J1772 / NACS | J1772 / NACS | CCS / NACS / CHAdeMO |
Level 1
PHEVs, low daily mileage, overnight backup
Uses a standard 120V household outlet. Every EV includes a Level 1 cord. Slowest option but requires zero installation cost.
Advantages
- +No installation needed
- +Included with every EV
- +Available anywhere
- +Ideal for PHEVs
Considerations
- -Very slow for BEVs
- -May not keep up with 40+ mi/day driving
Level 2
Home charging, workplace, destinations
Uses a 240V circuit. The most popular home charging solution — fully charges most EVs overnight. Requires installation of a dedicated circuit.
Advantages
- +Full charge overnight
- +Widely available publicly
- +Good cost-to-speed ratio
- +Utility rebates available
Considerations
- -Requires 240V circuit install ($200-$1,000)
- -Not fast enough for road trip top-ups
DC Fast Charging
Road trips, quick top-ups, fleet vehicles
Bypasses the onboard charger to deliver DC power directly to the battery. Reaches 80% in 20-40 minutes. Charging slows above 80% to protect the battery.
Advantages
- +Extremely fast
- +Essential for road trips
- +Growing network availability
- +350kW+ stations emerging
Considerations
- -Most expensive option ($0.30-0.60/kWh)
- -Frequent use may affect battery longevity
- -Speed drops above 80%